Folsom Dam Temperature Control Device

Folsom Dam’s existing temperature control device is a series of large, solid metal panels that can be lowered or raised manually to determine the depth at which water is permitted to enter the dam’s three power penstocks and turbines. The three intakes are enclosed by the temperature control system that supports a set of 27 removable, 13-foot-high shutter panels. The 27 shutter panels are arranged in 3 vertical groups of nine panels. A varying number of shutters can be lifted to draw water from various elevations within the reservoir, thereby controlling the temperature of water entering the Lower American River.  Each shutter change is time and labor-consuming, requiring approximately 3 hours per shutter group which delays implementation of needed water temperature changes.


Graphic showing the location of the existing temperature control device and other nearby features at Folsom Dam.
Image: Google Earth.


Close-up on one of the three piers that make up the existing temperature control device.

Currently, the 27 shutters cannot be individually and independently raised automatically. Instead, shutters are bolted together so that the 9 shutters comprising each vertical column have a 3-2-4 configuration. This means that the top three, middle two, and bottom four panels are bolted together and are raised as a unit.

Temperature management provides protection to endangered and threatened fishery species and provides suitable habitat for fish hatchery operations. The current shutter configuration results in larger than desired changes in release temperature, which can adversely affect fisheries and other aquatic life. The proposed refinement of the shutter system would allow finer control of release temperature changes, which would benefit the downstream fisheries as well as conserve cold water pool, thus allowing temperature control to be effective for a longer time into the fall.  This would also have an added benefit of minimizing the frequency of times when power bypass may be necessary to maintain temperatures below Nimbus Dam.

The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation operates Folsom Lake for flood protection, water supply use, power generation, recreation, and environmental purposes, including water temperature management in the Lower American River. Thermal stratification of Folsom Lake affords the opportunity for selective withdrawal of water of various temperatures at different elevations. A temperature device structure at Folsom Dam blends the selected waters for desired downstream performance. Seasonal temperature strategies are developed annually, depending on the hydrologic year type, storage conditions, cold-water reserves and fishery objectives.

Operational challenges to temperature management include uncertain future hydrologic, downstream water demands, and meteorological conditions. Additional challenges include balancing trade-offs between water release volumes, different fishery species, power generation and water temperature. To assist in temperature management, computational tools are employed to project the efficiency of cold-water reserve use, future downstream temperature performance, physical shutter operations and bypass of power generation. Drought periods are particularly challenging for temperature management due to limited water supply and cold-water reserves.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineer’s design for the new Temperature Control Device is approximately 35% complete and may change as it gets to 65%. The design is intended to automate the process of changing the position of the shutters. The project will involve replacing the existing system with two 13-foot-tall panels in each of 5 new vertical tracks. These new tracks and panels will be placed between the three piers comprising the existing temperature control structures on each of the three Folsom power penstocks. By expanding and reconfiguring the number of temperature control panels within the temperature control system, operators would be able to preserve the amount of cold water behind Folsom Dam and deliver the water downstream as needed to promote a suitable aquatic habitat for downstream fish and fisheries.  Next steps will include the development of 65% Plans and Specifications and the Design Documentation Report.

 


Historic photo looking downstream over Folsom Dam with the tops of the temperature control device’s three piers visible on the far right, 1963.

Frequently Asked Questions

Collapse All Expand All
 What are temperature control shutters?

The existing temperature control shutters are a series of large, solid metal panels that can be lowered or raised manually to draw water from various elevations within the reservoir, thereby controlling the temperature of water entering the Lower American River.

 What is the project and why is it important?

The project is intended to automate the process of changing the position of the shutters, improving the ability to preserve the amount of cold water behind Folsom Dam and deliver the water downstream as needed to promote a suitable aquatic habitat for downstream fish and fisheries.

Currently, the 45 shutters cannot be individually and independently raised automatically, delaying implementation of needed water temperature changes. The current shutter operation results in frequent, severe temperature spikes upward and downward, which can adversely affect fisheries and other aquatic life.

Contact Information

For more information on the
Folsom Dam Raise project,
please contact us at the following:

Phone:
916-557-5100

E-mail:
spk-pao@usace.army.mil

Mailing Address:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Sacramento District
Folsom Dam Raise
1325 J Street, Room 1513
Sacramento, CA  95814